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A Underpinning Design Is Used For Existing Buildings
That Need To Be Repaired, Strengthened Or Stabilized.

What Is Underpinning

Well, it's the method by which the substratum, of an existing building structure is corroborate and equalize.

This is a critical part of a structure in civil engineering planning

Why?

Here are a few reasons which attest to why an under-pinning design for an old or new building structure are so essential:

* The paradigm substratum has become unstable and weak due to a number of conditions, E.G weather
conditions over the years has weaken the foundations.

* The building structure is being used for a anthologize function from what it was primarily delineate for.

* The soil property under the building structure, has metamorphosed its idiosyncrasy or the soil chattels were
not accurately scrutinize at the beginning of the development phase.

* Also, you need to keep in mind has nearby excavation or construction reduce the strength of the soil under
it's foundation.

* So with that in mind, the cost of under-pinning an old home, works out so much cheaper than building a new
home or moving to a new house.

The Adjective Astern To Under-pinning Is To Aggrandize The Latitudinous And Depth Of The Building Foundation

Why?

So that it supports a more stable soil condition, plus to allow the load to extent over a bulkier area.

Here are a few methods which are used with an under-pinning design structure.

* Mass concrete under-pinning.

* Beam and base under-pinning.

* Mini piled under-pinning.

MASS CONCRETE UNDER-PINNING:

This is one method that has been used by civil engineers for a very long time.

The benefit of using this method is low cost and simplicity of use.

There is an added advantage with this method

Which is

It can be carried out with existing building structures in use.

This method of under-pinning uses manual methods. It reinforces the existing infrastructure by digging underneath
it's foundation and pouring concrete into the excavated areas.

The sequence of pouring concrete depend on site conditions. Since heavy machinery at times may not be used,
it requires labor and hand held tools to do the job.

Trenches are dug in sequential, and concrete is pour in a number order.

BEAM AND BASE UNDER-PINNING:

A new reinforced concrete beam is constructed, either above or below, the existing footing.

This method is technically more advanced greater strength can be achieved by using beam and base
under-pinning for this type of building infrastructure.

A number of concrete foundation are form in strategic places, then these newly constructed beams transfers
the load to these newly built foundations.

This reduces the load on existing foundation as the under-pinning acts as support.

The foundation size, depth, and locations will vary according to the site conditions.

The beam is designed to consider all of the forces and designs loads factors that are applied to the building.

If there is a potential for any soil expansion, E.G. clay or dirt, then anti-heave measures must be put in place that amalgamate the design and stability, plus the integrity of the under-pinning design sections to be built.

MINI PILED UNDER PINNING:

This Type Of Under-pinning Design Technique Is Used In The
Following Site Circumstances:

* Ground conditions are variable.

* There is restricted access to the site.

* There are compelling environmental pollution conditions.

* The activity of structural designs principles need to be kept to a minimum.

This type of under-pinning design is used when loads need to be transferred to a foundation which has stable soil,
and at depths in excess of 5 meters.

The diameter established by mini-piles varies from 150mm to 300mm in width.

They are steel cased. Structural engineers use special rigs which have been designed to be used in places with restricted headroom and limited space.

By using these uniquely designed rigs, its possible to build piles up to a distance of 15 meters.

Small diameter mini-piles are further stabilized by anchoring them to the existing structures using anchoring or tie backs.

Also, depending on location, mini-piles may be under compression or tension and are designed to take these
tolerance factors into account.

In addition, other variables such as settlement, and cracking must be taken into consideration when mini-piles are being designed.

Here are a few mini-pile underpinning designs in use today.

* Pile and beam - use a pairs of piles on either side of the wall and are linked with a pile cap when they are used to strengthening a wall.

* Cantilever pile-caps - are used so that the original building is undisturbed. It uses tension and compression piles
caps that are linked by a beam.

* Pile raft systems - this method is used when the entire building foundation needs to be reinforce.

Remember, under-pinning is a useful strategy to anneal the substratum of an existing building structure.

The Great Thing About Underpinning Is It's A Cost Effective And Clever Method!!! Widely Used In The Building Industry.

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